Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per ten thousand ha. There are 0.67-64.4 ha burned area per ten thousand ha forest. The main reasons for forest fires lie in the dry weather conditions, many firebrands, and high fuel loading. The strategies of fire management in the region are to stress the fire education in forest regions, strength the firebrands' management, emphasize the fuel management, and improve the fire monitoring and fire control ability.     

林火对景观格局的影响及其应用

运用林火生态和景观生态学理论,通过林火生态特性、生态过程及景观研究方法,阐述了林火对景观格局的影响;分析了林火与景观结构、功能、动态、格局和景观多样性的相互关系;简要概括了目前对林火与景观格局的研究和应用现状。     

锈色粒肩天牛扩散规律研究

通过对3块标地资料的分析,得出锈色粒肩天牛的扩散规律遵从指数曲线y=aebx(b<0),只是在不同虫口密度下,参数a、b取不同的值,进一步确定带虫苗木调运是锈色粒肩天牛蔓延扩散的主要传播途径,加强检疫是防止锈色粒肩天牛蔓延扩散的有效手段。     

林火对森林虫害发生影响的研究

对黑龙江省的大兴安岭、黑河、伊春、牡丹江等林区近5年的火灾过火林地进行森林虫害调查分析.结果表明:大兴安岭及黑河林区森林过火后主要虫害为天牛和小蠹类;伊春林区食叶害虫种类较多,但危害较轻;牡丹江林区落叶松毛虫发生程度严重.森林火灾后林内蛀干害虫大量发生,树干熏黑高度是影响虫害发生数量的一个重要因子.火烧强度与虫害发生数量呈正相关性;天牛及小蠹类虫害发生数量与树干熏黑高度线性关系明显;兴安落叶松林、樟子松林、白桦林的虫害发生数量与树干熏黑高度相关性较高,兴安落叶松和樟子松林尤为明显.     

云南省森林火险等级预报系统

通过对云南省多个地方1950年到1980年气象测报数据进行分析,建立了适合云南省长期火险预报方法,实现了云南省长期森林火险趋势定量分析。对2006年云南省十六个地州市雨季气象资料进行计算,得到云南省各地州2007年森林长期火险等级,为防火工作提供科学依据。     

杨桐等23个乔灌木树种抗火性能的研究

选择杨桐，木荷，马松等２３个树种，对其叶子与枝条的含水量，易燃干燥度时间，粗灰分含量，炭化灰化时间，单宁含量，粗脂肪含量诸理化性质进行测定分析，并采用多目标综合评定方法，评选出杨桐，日本珊瑚，柃木，木荷，杜英，红花油茶，柑桔，杨梅等１０余个抗火性能较强的树种，国开展生物防火林带的营造提供依据。     

Analysis of Original Causes of Reed Fires in Zhalong Nature Wetland Reserve in Heilongjiang Province

Zhalong Nature Reserve is located in the border areaof Qiqihaer City, Fuyu County, Lindian County andTailai County of Heilongjiang Province. The area ofthe reserve is 210 000 ha. The reserve is the firstnature reserve for protecting wetland and crane inChina. There were more than 300 red-crownedcranes here at the very most. Zhalong Nature Reserveis situated at the Songnen Plain, the lower stream ofthe Wuyuer River. It is the biggest nature reserve inChina that takes crane and wetland …     

森林防火指挥系统、ArcGIS和Google Earth结合在新一轮退耕还林工程中的应用

在永平县新一轮退耕还林工程作业设计和管理中,利用森林防火指挥系统、ArcGIS10.2和Google Earth的功能优势互补、取长补短,完成工程地块定位、落实勾绘、面积求算、编辑成图等工作。结果表明以上3种软件(系统)结合易学易用、工作效率高、成本低、结果准确、在无地形图识图能力的情况下也能进行工程小班、地块空间位置定位识别、管理。文章简述了地块勾绘,数据格式转换,创建自定义地理(坐标)变换,投影变换,设计小班、地块数据编辑成图的方法和步骤,以期在同类工程中得到应用。     

黑龙江省夏季林火时空分布特点

通过对2000~2004年黑龙江省夏季森林火灾进行研究分析发现,该地区夏季林火呈现明显的空间、时间分布特点。(1)黑龙江省夏季林火只在121°12′~130°16′E和46°53′~53°25′N之间发生过。(2)大兴安岭和黑河地区是黑龙江省夏季林火的主要发生地区,大兴安岭地区的夏季林火火因基本都是雷击火,黑河地区的夏季林火火因主要是烧荒。(3)大兴安岭及黑河地区各个县区夏季林火状况有很大不同。(4)6月是大兴安岭雷击火发生最多的时期,6月15~25日是烧荒引发夏季林火的重点时期。黑龙江省6月15~20日间发生的夏季林火次数最多,明显高于其他时间段,过火面积也最大。7月1~5日及8月20日以后均没有夏季林火发生。(5)黑龙江省夏季林火日变化规律较为明显地分为三个阶段。     

Forest Fire Environment and Characteristics in Northeastern China

Forest fires occurrence is influenced by many factors, such as inter-annual weather variations and regional fuel distributions. Fires occurrence in different forest region has distinct spatial and temporal characteristics. The paper studied the natural forest fire environment in Northeastern China, as well as forest fires occurrence, burned area and fire seasons in Northeastern Forest Region. The result shows that more than 50% of annual burned area occurred in Northeast China Forest Region. Main fire seasons in the region are spring and autumn. Fires occurrence in spring is larger than that in autumn. There are few fires in summer. The authors＇ suggestions for fire management department are to emphasize the fuel management, improve the roads conditions, and enhance the fires control ability.